PhDGujarat
Statistics laboratory · free forever · S10

Normality decision guide

Which test applies to your data, what to do when normality fails, and how to justify the choice in your methods chapter.

Your data

Answer these and the guide tells you which test applies and what to do if normality fails.

From your descriptives output.
Recommended test

Checks
  • Skewness within ±2
  • Kurtosis within ±7
  • Sample large enough for CLT
  • Shapiro-Wilk appropriate

The mistakes this stage produces

  • Relying on Shapiro-Wilk with a large sample. Above roughly N = 200 it flags trivial departures as significant. Use skewness and kurtosis instead and say so.
  • Testing normality of the raw variable in regression. The assumption applies to the residuals, not the predictors.
  • Transforming data to force a parametric result. Legitimate sometimes, but you must state it and justify it. Doing it silently is the problem.
  • Running tests before checking anything. Output is always produced; it is not always meaningful.

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